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陳建新1 潘(pan)翠琦1 薛春香(xiang)2
(1 廣東(dong)(dong)省廣州(zhou)市東(dong)(dong)升醫(yi)院藥劑(ji)科,廣東(dong)(dong) 廣州(zhou) 510120;2 廣東(dong)(dong)省廣州(zhou)市東(dong)(dong)升醫(yi)院護(hu)理部,廣東(dong)(dong) 廣州(zhou) 510120)
【摘要】目的 探討不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)成分含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差異(yi),為(wei)(wei)臨床(chuang)應(ying)用提供依(yi)據。方法 選取十個產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)樣品,采用乙(yi)(yi)二(er)胺四乙(yi)(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)鈉(na)(EDTA-2Na) 滴定(ding)(ding)法進行含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)測定(ding)(ding),分析(xi)不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)及不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。結(jie)果 各產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)樣品含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均超過(guo) 95%,符 合國家(jia)藥(yao)(yao)典委(wei)員會制定(ding)(ding)《中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國藥(yao)(yao)典》(2010 年)測定(ding)(ding)要求;湖北荊(jing)門(men)(men)(men)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)樣品含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平均值最高(gao)(gao)(gao),以下(xia)(xia)依(yi)次為(wei)(wei)湖 北應(ying)城(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區、河北邢(xing)臺及河南(nan)三(san)門(men)(men)(men)峽;其(qi)中(zhong)湖北荊(jing)門(men)(men)(men)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區又(you)以磊鑫(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)有限公(gong)司提供樣品含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最高(gao)(gao)(gao),達(da)到 99.772%;而(er)不(bu)同(tong)顏 色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)白色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最高(gao)(gao)(gao),以下(xia)(xia)依(yi)次為(wei)(wei)紅色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、透(tou)明石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),蠟黃色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最低。結(jie)論 各產(chan)(chan)(chan)區石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均達(da) 到國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun);湖北荊(jing)門(men)(men)(men)地(di)(di)(di)區石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于其(qi)他地(di)(di)(di)區,其(qi)中(zhong)尤以磊鑫(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)有限公(gong)司含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)。
【關鍵詞】石(shi)膏;含(han)水硫(liu)酸鈣;產地(di);含(han)量
中圖分類號 R282.7 文(wen)獻標識碼 B 文(wen)章編號 1671-8194 2014 25-0026-02
Comparative Analysis of Different Origin Plaster Ingredients
CHEN Jian-xin1, PAN Cui-qi1, XUE Chun-xiang2
(1 Department of Pharmacy, Dongsheng Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China; 2 Department of Nursing, Dongsheng Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the origin of the gypsum content between different components provide the basis for clinical application. Methods Ten origin plaster samples, aqueous sulfuric acid content was determined by calcium disodium edetate (EDTA-2Na) titration analysis of different origin and different areas of gypsum calcium sulfate water content. Results The Origin of gypsum calcium sulfate content of water samples exceeded 95%, in line with the National Pharmacopoeia Committee to develop “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”(2010) Determination of requirements ; Hubei Jingmen producing gypsum calcium sulfate content of the sample average of the highest water content, the following order of producing city of Hubei Province , Xingtai, Hebei and Henan Sanmenxia; areas where Jingmen Youyi Leixin gypsum Company provides the highest sample moisture content of calcium sulfate, reaching 99.772%; while the highest calcium in different colors white gypsum plaster aqueous sulfuric acid content, the following followed by red plaster , transparent plaster, wax yellow plaster lowest levels. Conclusion Each producing gypsum calcium sulfate content of water met the national standard; calcium sulfate gypsum moisture content of Jingmen areas than other regions, especially in the highest levels Leixin Gypsum Co. ; .
[Key words] Gypsum; Hydrous calcium sulfate; Origin; Content
石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)是一種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)醫常用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物組分(fen)(fen)(fen),具清熱之功效,可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)外(wai)感熱 病及內傷治療[1]。石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)在《本(ben)草綱目》中(zhong)(zhong)又名寒水(shui)石(shi)(shi),有紅白兩種(zhong)(zhong)顏 色,白者(zhe)可服用(yong)(yong)(yong),松軟細密[2-3]。現代藥(yao)物學研究(jiu)證實,石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)屬于(yu)硫(liu) 酸(suan)鹽類,主要(yao)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)為含(han)水(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)[4]。臨(lin)床對(dui)于(yu)石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)檢(jian)測一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong) 乙(yi)(yi)二胺(an)四(si)乙(yi)(yi)酸(suan)二鈉滴定(ding)法[5],已被國家(jia)確定(ding)為石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)離子(zi)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)檢(jian)測標(biao) 準方法。本(ben)次研究(jiu)選取十(shi)個產地石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)品,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)乙(yi)(yi)二胺(an)四(si)乙(yi)(yi)酸(suan)二鈉 (EDTA-2Na)滴定(ding)法進行(xing)含(han)水(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)測定(ding),分(fen)(fen)(fen)析不(bu)同產地及不(bu) 同產區(qu)石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)含(han)水(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang),探討不(bu)同產地石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)(gao)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)差異,為臨(lin) 床應用(yong)(yong)(yong)提(ti)供依據。
1 資料與方法
1.1 樣本和檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)藥物選(xuan)擇 選(xuan)取來自天濟石膏(gao)(gao)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公司,磊鑫石膏(gao)(gao)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公司,龍源膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang),李咀膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang),和昌膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang),玉峰膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang),河南三門(men)峽及河北邢臺石膏(gao)(gao)樣品(pin),均憑生產(chan)批號進行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce);檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)過程(cheng)中需(xu)要使用(yong)氧化鋅、碳(tan)酸鈣(gai)、鈣(gai)黃綠 素及EDTA-2Na均為分(fen)析純級(ji)別。
1.2 檢測儀(yi)器和方法
選擇奧豪斯電(dian)子天平(型號(hao)AL110)進(jin)(jin)行樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)及藥(yao)物稱(cheng)量;石 膏成分檢(jian)測(ce)采用(yong)EDTA-2Na滴(di)定(ding)法進(jin)(jin)行;取石膏樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粉末0.5 g,加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru) 盛有25 mL稀鹽(yan)酸(suan)置錐形瓶(ping)中;待樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱溶(rong)解后(hou)再將含有甲基紅(hong) 指示劑(ji)三(san)蒸水250 mL加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru),以(yi)氫氧化鉀標準(zhun)液滴(di)定(ding)至淺(qian)黃(huang)色并再加(jia)(jia)(jia) 10 mL,之(zhi)后(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)鈣黃(huang)綠(lv)素指示劑(ji)1滴(di),以(yi)EDTA-2Na標準(zhun)液滴(di)定(ding)至橙(cheng) 色,確保(bao)無黃(huang)綠(lv)色熒光。
1.3 鑒別方法
主(zhu)要(yao)用于(yu)鑒(jian)別鈣鹽和硫酸鹽:選取石膏(gao)樣(yang)品1.5~2 g,放入(ru)(ru)試(shi)管內 灼燒,見管壁有水形成且樣(yang)品形成不(bu)透(tou)明粉(fen)末(mo);再取粉(fen)末(mo)0.5 g,加入(ru)(ru) 25 mL鹽酸中加熱(re),觀察(cha)反應(ying)變化。
2 結 果
2.1 不同產(chan)地石膏含水硫酸鈣含量分析
天濟石(shi)膏(gao)有限(xian)公司,磊鑫石(shi)膏(gao)有限(xian)公司,龍源(yuan)膏(gao)礦(kuang),李咀膏(gao)礦(kuang),和昌膏(gao)礦(kuang),玉峰膏(gao)礦(kuang),河(he)南三門峽及河(he)北邢臺(tai)石(shi)膏(gao)樣品平均含水硫酸鈣(gai)含量(liang)分(fen)別為99.378%,99.772%,99.614%,99.492%,99.386%, 99.566%,99.298%,99.306%;各產地石(shi)膏(gao)樣品含水硫酸鈣(gai)含量(liang)均超 過95%,符合國家(jia)藥(yao)典委員(yuan)會制(zhi)定《中(zhong)華人民共和國藥(yao)典》(2010 年)測定要求[6]。見表1。
表1 不同(tong)產地石膏含水硫(liu)酸鈣(gai)含量分析(%)
產地 | 樣品1 | 樣品2 | 樣品3 | 平均值 |
天濟石膏有限公司 | 99.442 | 99.370 | 99.321 | 99.378 |
磊鑫石膏有限公司 | 99.814 | 99.793 | 99.708 | 99.772 |
龍源膏礦 | 99.548 | 99.650 | 99.643 | 99.614 |
李咀膏礦 | 99.522 | 99.495 | 99.461 | 99.492 |
和昌膏礦 | 99.334 | 99.470 | 99.355 | 99.386 |
玉峰膏礦 | 99.607 | 99.552 | 99.539 | 99.566 |
河南三門峽 | 99.312 | 99.298 | 99.284 | 99.298 |
河北邢臺 | 99.335 | 99.236 | 993.348 | 99.306 |
2.2 不(bu)同產區石(shi)膏含(han)水硫酸(suan)鈣含(han)量分析
湖(hu)北(bei)荊門、湖(hu)北(bei)應城及(ji)其他地(di)區石膏含水硫酸鈣(gai)含量平均值分別 為99.588%、99.481%、99.302%;湖(hu)北(bei)荊門產區石膏樣品含水硫酸鈣(gai)
含量平均(jun)值最高,以下依次(ci)為(wei)湖北應(ying)城產(chan)區(qu)、河(he)北邢臺及河(he)南三門(men)峽;其中湖北荊門(men)產(chan)區(qu)又以磊鑫石膏有(you)限(xian)公司提供樣(yang)品含水硫酸鈣含 量最高,達到99.772%。見表(biao)2。
表2 不同產區石膏(gao)含(han)(han)水硫酸鈣含(han)(han)量分析(%)
產區 | 含水硫酸鈣含量 | 平均值 | |
湖北荊門 | 天濟石膏有限公司 | 99.378 | 99.588 |
磊鑫石膏有限公司 | 99.772 | ||
龍源膏礦 | 99.614 | ||
湖北應城 | 李咀膏礦 | 99.492 | 99.481 |
和昌膏礦 | 99.386 | ||
玉峰膏礦 | 99.566 | ||
其他 | 河南三門峽 | 99.298 | 99.302 |
河北邢臺 | 99.306 |
2.3 不同顏色(se)石膏含水硫酸鈣(gai)含量分析
白(bai)色(se)石(shi)膏、紅色(se)石(shi)膏、透明(ming)(ming)石(shi)膏及蠟黃色(se)石(shi)膏含水硫酸(suan)鈣含量分別 為99.572%、99.311%、99.253%、99.148%;白(bai)色(se)石(shi)膏含水硫酸(suan)鈣含量最 高,以(yi)下依次為紅色(se)石(shi)膏、透明(ming)(ming)石(shi)膏,蠟黃色(se)石(shi)膏含量最低(di)。見表3。
表3 不同顏色(se)石膏含(han)水硫酸鈣含(han)量分析(%)
石膏顏色 | 含水硫酸鈣含量 |
白色石膏 | 99.572 |
紅色石膏 | 99.311 |
透明石膏 | 99.253 |
蠟黃色石膏 | 99.148 |
3 討 論
石膏質量評價主要(yao)依據含(han)水(shui)硫酸鈣含(han)量高低、重金屬(shu)及有毒金屬(shu)有無等;其中含(han)水(shui)硫酸鈣檢測是最(zui)重要(yao)指標(biao)之一[7-8]。
研究結果中,選取各(ge)(ge)產地產區(qu)石(shi)膏(gao)樣品平均含水(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)從99.298%~99.772%;各(ge)(ge)產地石(shi)膏(gao)樣品含水(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)均超(chao)過95%,符合國家藥(yao)典委員會制定(ding)《中華人民共和國藥(yao)典》(2010年)測(ce)定(ding)要求(qiu),提示(shi)各(ge)(ge)產區(qu)石(shi)膏(gao)樣本(ben)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)均可以滿足臨床(chuang)用藥(yao)需求(qiu),質量(liang)(liang)(liang)過硬。
研究結果中(zhong),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)荊(jing)門(men)(men)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)應城及(ji)其他(ta)地區(qu)石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)含(han)(han)(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)均(jun)值分(fen)別為(wei)99.588%、99.481%、99.302%;湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)荊(jing)門(men)(men)產(chan)區(qu)石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)含(han)(han)(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)均(jun)值最(zui)高(gao),以下依次(ci)為(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)應城產(chan)區(qu)、河北(bei)邢臺及(ji)河南(nan)三門(men)(men)峽(xia);其中(zhong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)荊(jing)門(men)(men)產(chan)區(qu)又以磊鑫石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)有(you)限公司提供樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)含(han)(han)(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)高(gao),達(da)到99.772%;提示中(zhong)藥飲(yin)片公司石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)佳,這可能與其直接采購石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)成品(pin)飲(yin)片,制作過(guo)程純化次(ci)數多,雜(za)質少等密切相(xiang)關[9-10]。而(er)調查發現(xian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)中(zhong)藥飲(yin)片公司送檢石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)本(ben)均(jun)來源(yuan)于湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)荊(jing)門(men)(men),而(er)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)各(ge)產(chan)區(qu)產(chan)地石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)含(han)(han)(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)高(gao)于 其他(ta)產(chan)區(qu)產(chan)地。在膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang)比較中(zhong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)荊(jing)門(men)(men)龍(long)源(yuan)膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang)石(shi)膏(gao)(gao)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)于湖(hu)(hu)(hu) 北(bei)應城李咀膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang)、玉峰(feng)膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang)和和昌(chang)膏(gao)(gao)礦(kuang)。
研究(jiu)結果中,白色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)、紅色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)、透(tou)明(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)及(ji)蠟黃色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)含水 硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)含量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)99.572%、99.311%、99.253%、99.148%;不同顏色 石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)中白色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)含水硫酸鈣(gai)(gai)含量最(zui)高,以(yi)下依(yi)次為(wei)紅色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)、透(tou)明(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi) 膏(gao),蠟黃色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)含量最(zui)低。這與(yu)傳統石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)企業認為(wei)蠟黃色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)質量優 于(yu)其他(ta)顏色石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao)說(shuo)法(fa)相矛盾,有待(dai)進一步研究(jiu)此說(shuo)法(fa)存在原因(yin)[11-12]。
同時樣品分(fen)(fen)析(xi)過程中發現(xian)部分(fen)(fen)送檢石膏(gao)并非二水合硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鈣化(hua)合物(wu),而是一種已加工半成品,即硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鈣半水化(hua)合物(wu);這說明了(le)科學(xue)檢測石膏(gao)樣品的(de)重要性。
本(ben)次研究石膏(gao)樣品(pin)檢(jian)測方法最重要環節為硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)在(zai)(zai)稀鹽酸(suan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)條 件下完全解離(li)[13];實驗(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)應當注(zhu)意解離(li)終(zhong)點判定,因二水合硫(liu)酸(suan) 鈣(gai)溶(rong)解度(du)較大,故常規(gui)溫度(du)加熱無法保證其完全解離(li)[14],易造成滴定 終(zhong)點提前出現,嚴重影響石膏(gao)質量評價(jia)效果(guo)。故本(ben)次研究以100 ℃加 熱10 min以確保解離(li)程度(du)[15]。
綜上所述(shu),各(ge)產(chan)區(qu)石(shi)(shi)膏含(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)含(han)(han)量均達(da)到國家標準;湖北荊門地區(qu)石(shi)(shi)膏含(han)(han)水硫酸鈣(gai)含(han)(han)量高(gao)于其(qi)他地區(qu),其(qi)中尤(you)以磊鑫(xin)石(shi)(shi)膏有限公 司含(han)(han)量最高(gao);本次(ci)研究有助于明確石(shi)(shi)膏產(chan)地、產(chan)區(qu)和色(se)澤優良程度, 并(bing)在(zai)此基礎上制定石(shi)(shi)膏分(fen)級方法、規格及質量評價標準。
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